Emerging Health Threats

Stay informed about emerging diseases affecting our communities in Van Buren and Cass Counties.

Van Buren and Cass County

Predominant Diseases

Early detection and prevention are key to protecting your health and the health of your family. Below are some of the predominant diseases we monitor and are addressing in Van Buren and Cass Counties.

Stay protected this flu season and up to date with your flu shot.

Latest Public Health Alerts

Stay informed about current outbreaks, health risks, and safety alerts in our community and across Michigan.

What We're Tracking

  • Respiratory Illnesses: COVID-19, RSV, and flu updates.
  • Mosquito & Tick Illnesses: Updates on Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), West Nile virus, Lyme disease, and other illnesses.
  • Food Recalls & Safety: Current recalls and food safety information.

Check the links below for the latest updates.

Featured health topic emerging in our communities.

Infectious Diseases

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) is a rare but serious disease spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. EEE can cause severe illness, including inflammation of the brain.

Protect Yourself From Mosquito Bites

The best way to prevent EEE is to avoid mosquito bites:

  • Use an EPA-registered insect repellent.
  • Wear long sleeves, long pants, socks and shoes when outdoors.
  • Make sure doors and windows have screens.
  • Remove standing water around your home at least once a week.
  • Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in areas without screens.
  • Take extra precautions during mosquito activity, especially around dawn and dusk.

Children under 2 months should not use insect repellent. Use protective clothing and mosquito netting instead.

Signs and Symptoms

Most people infected with EEE do not develop symptoms. Some people may develop fever, chills, headache, weakness, muscle or joint pain.

In rare cases, EEE can cause serious illness affecting the brain or nervous system. Symptoms may include severe headache, confusion, seizures, or coma.

About 30% of people who develop neurologic illness from EEE die, and some survivors have permanent neurologic problems.

If you develop symptoms after being bitten by mosquitoes, contact your healthcare provider.

EEE in Michigan

Michigan health officials monitor EEE in people, mosquitoes, horses and wildlife.

On August 19, 2026, MDHHS confirmed a locally acquired human case of EEE in Roscommon County. This is the first reported human EEE case in Michigan since 2021. Additional mosquito testing is underway in the area.

For the latest Michigan activity and surveillance information, check the MDHHS weekly arbovirus reports.

Current Michigan Resources

MDHHS: Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Information about symptoms, risk, prevention, testing, treatment and educational materials.
MDHHS Eastern Equine Encephalitis

Michigan Weekly Arbovirus Reports
Current surveillance information for mosquito, animal and human arbovirus activity in Michigan.
Michigan Weekly Arbovirus Summary

MDHHS: Current EEE Information
Updates and announcements about EEE activity in Michigan.
MDHHS EEE Updates

CDC: Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Additional information about EEE, symptoms and prevention.
CDC Eastern Equine Encephalitis

For Healthcare Providers

EEE is a reportable disease in Michigan. Healthcare providers should consider EEE when evaluating patients with compatible symptoms and a history of mosquito exposure.

MDHHS provides information on arbovirus testing, specimen collection, laboratory testing and disease reporting.

Protect Horses

EEE can also cause serious disease in horses. Vaccines are available for horses to help protect against EEE and West Nile virus. Horse owners should talk with their veterinarian about vaccination and mosquito prevention.

Suspected EEE in a horse should be reported to the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) at 800-292-3939.

Rabies

Animal Bites & Rabies: Protect Yourself and Your Pets

Rabies is a serious threat in Michigan, especially during warmer months. Learn how to stay safe, protect your pets, and what to do if bitten.

Prevent Rabies: Key Tips

  • Avoid Wildlife: Bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes are common rabies carriers. Avoid contact and teach children to steer clear.
  • Vaccinate Your Pets: Ensure pets are up to date on rabies vaccinations to protect them and reduce your exposure risk.
  • Stay Informed: Learn about rabies and Michigan wildlife activity.

Learn More About Rabies | Michigan’s Bats Information

Report Animal Bites

Animal bites must be reported immediately to prevent rabies.

  1. Download the Animal Bite Reporting Form here.
  2. Fax Completed Forms:

Report Sick or Dead Wildlife

Help protect Michigan’s wildlife and prevent disease spread.

Rabies Exposure Protocols

Understand what to do if exposed to rabies.

Contact Us

Additional Resources

Measles

Measles: What You Need to Know

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that can cause serious complications, especially in young children, adults over 20, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems.

Key Points:

  • Transmission: Spread through coughs and sneezes; the virus can linger in the air for up to two hours.

  • Symptoms: High fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a red rash that spreads from the head downward.

  • Complications: Pneumonia, brain swelling, and long-term immune suppression.

  • Prevention: The MMR vaccine is the safest and most effective protection. Children should get two doses (12–15 months and 4–6 years), and adults without immunity may also need vaccination.

Learn More: MDHHS Measles Information(opens in new tab)

West Nile Virus

West Nile virus (WNV) is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Most people do not develop symptoms, but some may become seriously ill.

Key Facts

  • Spread through infected mosquito bites.
  • Most people have no symptoms.
  • Symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue.
  • Rarely, WNV can cause serious illness such as encephalitis or meningitis.
  • Older adults and people with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of severe illness.
  • Risk is highest in late summer and early fall.

Protect Yourself

Prevent mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and removing standing water around your home.

Learn More:

Influenza - Flu

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get my flu and COVID-19 vaccines together?
Yes. They can be given at the same visit.

When should I get my flu vaccine?
Get vaccinated by the end of October, if possible. It takes about two weeks for protection to develop.

Who should get a flu vaccine?
Everyone 6 months and older should get a flu vaccine every year.

Where can I get a flu vaccine?
Contact your healthcare provider, local pharmacy, or Van Buren/Cass District Health Department.

Need an appointment?
Call 269-621-3143.

Flu Resources

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Understanding Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that infects the nose, throat, and lungs. It typically causes mild, cold-like symptoms but can lead to severe illness in infants and older adults.

Who Is at Risk for Severe RSV Infection?

While RSV can affect individuals of all ages, certain groups are at higher risk for severe illness:

  • Infants, especially those under 6 months old.

  • Older adults, particularly those with chronic heart or lung diseases or weakened immune systems.

Symptoms of RSV

RSV symptoms usually appear 4 to 6 days after infection and can include:

  • Runny nose

  • Decrease in appetite

  • Coughing

  • Sneezing

  • Fever

  • Wheezing

In very young infants, the only symptoms may be irritability, decreased activity, and breathing difficulties.

How Does RSV Spread?

RSV is highly contagious and spreads through:

  • Direct contact with an infected person

  • Exposure to respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes

  • Touching surfaces contaminated with the virus, then touching the face

Preventing RSV Infection

To reduce the risk of RSV infection:

  • Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

  • Avoid close contact with sick individuals.

  • Clean and disinfect surfaces regularly.

  • Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.

RSV Vaccination Recommendations

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends RSV immunizations for:

  • Infants and some young children to protect against severe RSV illness.

  • Older adults, particularly those at increased risk for severe RSV disease.

Consult with your healthcare provider to determine if RSV vaccination is appropriate for you or your child.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Seek immediate medical care if you or your child experience:

  • Trouble breathing

  • Dehydration (e.g., lack of urine output)

  • Worsening symptoms or symptoms that do not improve after a few days

Early medical intervention can prevent complications, especially in high-risk groups.

For more detailed information, visit the CDC's RSV page.

Norovirus

What You Need to Know

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. It spreads easily in crowded places, making it a common cause of outbreaks in schools, hospitals, and restaurants.

What Are the Symptoms of Norovirus?

Symptoms of norovirus infection usually appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure and can include:

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pain
  • Fever
  • Body aches

Symptoms typically last 1 to 3 days but can lead to dehydration, especially in young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.

How Does Norovirus Spread?

Norovirus spreads easily through:

  • Contaminated food or water
  • Touching surfaces with the virus and then touching your mouth
  • Close contact with an infected person

Preventing Norovirus Infection

Take these steps to reduce your risk of getting norovirus:

  • Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom or before eating.
  • Clean and disinfect surfaces thoroughly, especially after someone vomits or has diarrhea.
  • Wash fruits and vegetables before eating them.
  • Cook seafood thoroughly.

What to Do If You Get Norovirus

If you suspect you have norovirus:

  • Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
  • Rest and recover. Most people recover without medical treatment.
  • Avoid preparing food for others while you’re sick and for at least 2 days after symptoms stop.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Seek medical care if you experience:

  • Severe dehydration (e.g., dry mouth, little to no urination, dizziness)
  • Symptoms that worsen or last more than a few days

Norovirus Outbreaks

Norovirus outbreaks can occur anywhere but are especially common in places where people are in close quarters, such as:

  • Schools
  • Nursing homes
  • Cruise ships

The virus can survive on surfaces for days, making proper cleaning and hygiene crucial to preventing outbreaks.

For more detailed information, visit the CDC's Norovirus page.

 
COVID-19

Stay up to date on COVID-19 vaccines, testing, and current respiratory illness information.

COVID-19 Vaccine

The current COVID-19 vaccine is available at VBCDHD.

Schedule an appointment:
Call 269-740-4155

Free Test Kits and Masks

Free at-home COVID-19 test kits and masks are available at both VBCDHD office locations, while supplies last.

Clinic Locations

Lawrence Clinic
260 South St., Lawrence, MI 49064
Thursdays: 9:00 AM–11:00 AM and 1:00 PM–4:00 PM

Dowagiac Clinic
302 South Front St., Dowagiac, MI 49047
First and third Wednesdays: 9:00 AM–11:00 AM and 1:00 PM–4:00 PM

COVID-19 Resources

Mpox (Monkeypox)

Mpox is a viral illness that spreads mainly through close contact with an infected person’s rash, sores, or bodily fluids. Most people recover within 2–4 weeks.

How Does Mpox Spread?

Mpox can spread through:

  • Direct contact with rashes, sores, or bodily fluids.
  • Close or intimate contact, including sex, hugging, or prolonged face-to-face contact.
  • Contact with contaminated clothing, bedding, or other items.

Casual contact is less likely to spread mpox.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

  • Fever, headache, and tiredness.
  • Swollen lymph nodes.
  • A rash or sores, which may appear anywhere on the body.

Symptoms can develop several days after exposure. A person can spread mpox until all sores have healed and new skin has formed.

Who Is at Higher Risk?

Anyone can get mpox. Severe illness is more likely in young children, pregnant people, and people with weakened immune systems or certain skin conditions.

Testing, Treatment and Vaccines

Testing: A healthcare provider can test for mpox by swabbing a sore or rash.

Treatment: Most people recover without specific treatment. Antiviral treatment may be available for people at higher risk of severe illness.

Vaccination: Mpox vaccines are available for people who may have been exposed or are at increased risk.

If You Have Symptoms or Were Exposed

Avoid close contact with others and contact your healthcare provider or local health department for guidance.

Mpox Resources

H5 Bird Flu

Current Bird Flu Situation in Van Buren and Cass County, Michigan

Avian influenza (bird flu) continues to pose a threat to both wild and domestic birds. While the risk to humans remains low, cases have been reported in surrounding areas. Local poultry producers should remain vigilant and monitor for any signs of the virus.

If you suspect a bird flu outbreak, please contact our team at Van Buren/Cass District Health Department for guidance and support.

For the latest updates and resources on bird flu, visit the CDC Bird Flu Situation Summary(opens in new tab).

Have a concern about emerging health threats?

Contact Our Team

For information, assistance, or to report a serious disease or unusual cluster, reach out to:

Julie Beeching, RN, BSN
Director of Nursing, Van Buren County
Phone: (269) 539-5501

Diana Baker, RN
Public Health Nurse, Cass County
Phone: (269) 782-0064 ext. 2015